Norman Carlberg (born 1928) studied at the Minneapolis School of Art and at the University of Illinois before going on to study under Josef Albers at Yale. "Recent Sculpture USA", a 1959 exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art in New York, featured Carlberg´s work. Afterwards, Carlberg taught briefly (1960–61) in Santiago, Chile. In 1961, he was named director of the Rinehart School of Sculpture at the Maryland Institute College of Art (MICA) in Baltimore. He taught at MICA until 1996. He collaborated with architects on major public projects, such as the Riverside Centre, designed by Harry Seidler and Associates in Brisbane, Australia. Carlberg´s sculptures are in the permanent collections of the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York, the Art and Architecture Gallery at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts in Philadelphia, the Hirshhorn Museum, the Guggenheim Museum and the Baltimore Museum of Art.

Erwin Hauer (born 1926) is an Austrian-born American sculptor who studied first at the Academy of Applied Arts in Vienna and later under Josef Albers at Yale. Hauer was an early proponent of Modular Constructivism and an associate of Norman Carlberg. Hauer patented these designs, developed the technologies to manufacture them and installed several such walls in churches in Vienna. Hauer continued to work as an independent sculptor in Bethany, Connecticut. Erwin Hauer taught at Yale University School of Art from 1957 until 1990. His sculptures are in many public collections, including those of the Brooklyn Museum of Art, the Art Institute of Chicago, the Wadsworth Atheneum, the Museum of the National Academy of Design, and others.